Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0256 |
| Source ID: | DB00727 |
| Source Type: | approved; investigational |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Nitroglycerin |
| Synonyms: | 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate; 1,2,3-propanetriyl nitrate; Glycerin trinitrate; Glycerol trinitrate; Glycerol, nitric acid triester; Glyceryl trinitrate; NG; Nitroglicerina; Nitroglycerin; Nitroglycerine; Nitroglycerol; Nitromed; Propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate; Trinitroglycerin; Trinitroglycerol |
| Molecular Formula: | C3H5N3O9 |
| SMILES: | [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator drug used for the treatment of chest pain and high blood pressure. It was first approved in 2000 and is currently marketed by Pfizer, and other companies, depending on the dosage form. Nitroglycerin is available in various forms, including a spray form, sublingual tablet form, intravenous form, extended-release tablet form, and transdermal form. A less commonly known fact is that in addition to treating angina, nitroglycerin is also used in an ointment to treat the pain that accompanies anal fissures. The rectal ointment form of nitroglycerin was approved by the FDA in 1955. |
| CAS Number: | 55-63-0 |
| Molecular Weight: | 227.0865 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Nitroglycerin is indicated for various purposes. It is indicated to prevent and treat angina or chest pain due to cardiovascular disease, as well as to treat peri-operative hypertension or induce intra-operative hypotension. It is also indicated to treat acute heart failure in patients with myocardial infarction. In the ointment form, nitroglycerin is indicated to treat pain caused by anal fissures. The transdermal form is applied directly to the skin to prevent acute anginal attacks. The intravenous form is used off-label in emergency settings and is commonly used to treat acute coronary spasm caused by cocaine, hypertensive emergencies, as well as acute congestive heart failure exacerbations. Some other off-label uses of nitroglycerin include management of variceal hemorrhage, management of esophageal spasticity, and induction of uterine relaxation. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Nitroglycerin causes the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, causing arteriolar and venous dilatation. It reduces cardiac preload and afterload and reduces coronary artery spasm, decreasing systemic vascular resistance as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The reduction of cardiac work by nitroglycerin is thought to cause the most relief of anginal symptoms, with some contributions from arteriolar dilatation effects. |
| DrugBank MoA: | Nitroglycerin is converted by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (mtALDH) to nitric oxide (NO), an active substance which then activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase. The activation of this enzyme is followed by the synthesis of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP), activating a cascade of protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation events in smooth muscles. This process eventually leads to the dephosphorylation of the myosin light chain of smooth muscles, causing relaxation and increased blood flow in veins, arteries and cardiac tissue.. The above processes lead to decreased work of the heart decreased blood pressure, relief of anginal symptoms, and increased blood flow to the myocardium.One in vitro study using mouse aorta suggests that nitric oxide (an activated metabolite of nitroglycerin) targets the natriuretic peptide receptors. |
| Targets: | Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 agonist |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Indication associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
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| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I08 | 114 | Cardiovascular system disease | A disease of anatomical entity which occurs in the blood, heart, blood vessels or the lymphatic system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells or lymph to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulatory_system | disease of anatomical entity | Details |
| I12 | 10763 | Hypertension | An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |