Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0357 |
| Source ID: | DB00993 |
| Source Type: | approved |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Azathioprine |
| Synonyms: | 6-((1-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazol-5-yl)thio)-1H-purine; 6-(1'-Methyl-4'-nitro-5'-imidazolyl)-mercaptopurine; Azathioprine |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H7N7O2S |
| SMILES: | CN1C=NC(=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2)[N+]([O-])=O |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine, first synthesized in 1956 by Gertrude Elion, William Lange, and George Hitchings in an attempt to produce a derivative of 6-mercaptopurine with a better therapeutic index. Azathioprine is used to treat inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and as an immunosuppressant in the prevention of renal transplant rejection. Azathiprine was granted FDA approval on 20 March 1968. |
| CAS Number: | 446-86-6 |
| Molecular Weight: | 277.263 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Azathioprine is indicated to treat rheumatoid arthritis and prevent renal transplant rejection. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Azathioprine is an immunosuppressive agent which functions through modulation of rac1 to induce T cell apoptosis, as well as other unknown immunosuppressive functions. It has a long duration of action as it is given daily, and has a narrow therapeutic index. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of malignancies of the skin and lymphomas. |
| DrugBank MoA: | Azathioprine's mechanism of action is not entirely understood but it may be related to inhibition of purine synthesis, along with inhibition of B and T cells. 6-thioguanine triphosphate, a metabolite of azathioprine, modulates activation of rac1 when costimulated with CD28, inducing T cell apoptosis. This may be mediated through rac1's action on mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB. |
| Targets: | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 modulator |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S13 | Anti-apoptosis | hepatocyte apoptosis; hepatic autophagy; apoptosis | Pan-caspase inhibitor | Emricasan | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I15 | 1290 | Bone disease | A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_disease | disease of anatomical entity/ musculoskeletal system disease/connective tissue disease | Details |