Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0483 |
| Source ID: | DB01296 |
| Source Type: | approved; investigational |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Glucosamine |
| Synonyms: | 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose; Chitosamine; D-Glucosamine; Glucosamine |
| Molecular Formula: | C6H13NO5 |
| SMILES: | N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive and degenerative joint disease marked by loss of cartilage, bone changes, and synovial membrane inflammation. Treatment with chondroprotective drugs, such as glucosamine sulfate may offer additional benefits to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs treating the painful symptoms of OA. Glucosamine is commonly used over the counter as a treatment for arthritic joint pain, although its acceptance as a medical therapy varies due to contradictory and findings with unclear clinical significance during clinical trials. It is currently not approved as a prescription product by the FDA, but is widely available over the counter. |
| CAS Number: | 3416-24-8 |
| Molecular Weight: | 179.1711 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Glucosamine is generally used over the counter in the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis and joint pain, frequently combined with chondroitin sulfate and/or ibuprofen. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | The administration of glucosamine, in theory, provides a building block towards the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, slowing the progression of osteoarthritis and relieving symptoms of joint pain. Studies to this date examining the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate have been inconclusive. Glycosaminoglycans contribute to joint cartilage elasticity, strength, and flexibility. A systematic review of various studies and guidelines determined that modest improvements were reported for joint pain and function in patients taking glucosamine. A consistent joint space narrowing was observed, but with an unclear clinical significance. |
| DrugBank MoA: | The mechanism of action of glucosamine in joint health is unclear, however there are several possible mechanisms that contribute to its therapeutic effects. Because glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are a major component of joint cartilage, glucosamine supplements may help to rebuild cartilage and treat the symptoms of arthritis. Some in vitro studies show evidence that glucosamine reduces inflammation via inhibition of interferon gamma and Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 65 (NF-κB p65), improving the symptoms of arthritis and joint pain. Clinical relevance is unknown at this time. |
| Targets: | Interferon gamma inhibitor; Transcription factor p65 inhibitor |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Indication associated |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I15 | 1290 | Bone disease | A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_disease | disease of anatomical entity/ musculoskeletal system disease/connective tissue disease | Details |