Repositioning Candidate Details

Candidate ID: R0055
Source ID: DB00157
Source Type: approved; nutraceutical
Compound Type: small molecule
Compound Name: NADH
Synonyms: 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; DPNH; NAD reduced form; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced); Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced; Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate; Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide
Molecular Formula: C21H29N7O14P2
SMILES: NC(=O)C1=CN(C=CC1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO[P@](O)(=O)O[P@](O)(=O)OC[C@H]2O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)N2C=NC3=C(N)N=CN=C23)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O
Structure:
DrugBank Description: NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage. (Dorland, 27th ed)
CAS Number: 58-68-4
Molecular Weight: 665.441
DrugBank Indication: Some evidence suggests that NADH might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.
DrugBank Pharmacology: A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). The action of supplemental NADH is unclear. Oral NADH supplementation has been used to combat simple fatigue as well as such mysterious and energy-sapping disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Researchers are also studying the value of NADH supplements for improving mental function in people with Alzheimer's disease, and minimizing physical disability and relieving depression in people with Parkinson's disease. Some healthy individuals also take NADH supplements orally to improve concentration and memory capacity, as well as to increase athletic endurance. However, to date there have been no published studies to indicate that using NADH is in any way effective or safe for these purposes.
DrugBank MoA: NADH is synthesized by the body and thus is not an essential nutrient. It does require the essential nutrient nicotinamide for its synthesis, and its role in energy production is certainly an essential one. In addition to its role in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADH is produced in the cytosol. The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH, and this permeability barrier effectively separates the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial NADH pools. However, cytoplasmic NADH can be used for biologic energy production. This occurs when the malate-aspartate shuttle introduces reducing equivalents from NADH in the cytosol to the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. This shuttle mainly occurs in the liver and heart.
Targets: UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1A; Sorbitol dehydrogenase; Alcohol dehydrogenase 4; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C; Alcohol dehydrogenase 1B; Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain; Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic; L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A; Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3; Aldose reductase; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2; Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain; NAD-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial; Peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2; L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B; L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain; Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme; Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial; D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic; 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; NADP-dependent malic enzyme; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; 3-keto-steroid reductase; Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrial; Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial; Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 1; Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 2; 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase; GDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein; Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 8; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4; Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3; 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]; GDP-L-fucose synthase; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1; Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 2; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1; Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1; Trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2; Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2; Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B2; Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial; Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring; Retinal dehydrogenase 1; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific; 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3; Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial; Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member B1; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Retinal dehydrogenase 2; Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase; Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase; Flavin reductase (NADPH); Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2; Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial; Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial; Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial; Biliverdin reductase A; Short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Dihydrofolate reductase; 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial; 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase; Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2 binder; Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, mitochondrial; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 3 binder; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial; C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic; Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial; Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4; Dihydropteridine reductase; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1 binder; NAD(P) transhydrogenase, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 6; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6; Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial; Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial; Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13; Cysteine dioxygenase type 1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial; Cytochrome P450 4A11; Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial; Aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial; Methylsterol monooxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase 2; Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase; Tyrosinase
Inclusion Criteria: Target associated

Strategy ID Strategy Synonyms Related Targets Related Drugs

Target ID Target Name GENE Action Class UniProtKB ID Entry Name
T10 Caspase-1 CASP1 inhibitor Enzyme P29466 CASP1_HUMAN Details
T15 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase HMGCR inhibitor Enzyme P04035 HMDH_HUMAN Details
T21 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 DGAT2 inhibitor Enzyme Q96PD7 DGAT2_HUMAN Details
T07 Bile acid receptor NR1H4 agonist Nuclear hormone receptor Q96RI1 NR1H4_HUMAN Details

Diseases ID DO ID Disease Name Definition Class
I17 1596 Mental depression Mental depression disease of mental health/ cognitive disorder/ mood disorder Details