Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D155 |
| Drug Name: | Glucagon |
| Synonyms: | Glucagon; Glucagon (recombinant dna origin); Glucagon recombinant; Glucagon, human; Glucagon, porcine; Glucagone |
| Type: | Biological drug |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00040 |
| DrugBank Description: | Glucagon is a 29 amino acid hormone used as a diagnostic aid in radiologic exams to temporarily inhibit the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and to treat severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon raises blood sugar through activation of hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulating glycogenolysis and the release of glucose. Glucagon was granted FDA approval on 14 November 1960. |
| PubChem ID: | 16132283 |
| CasNo: | 9007-92-5 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | No |
| SMILES: | S(CC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1[nH]cnc1)CO)CCC(=O)N)[C@H](O)C)Cc1ccccc1)[C@H](O)C)CO)CC(=O)O)Cc1ccc(O)cc1)CO)CCCCN)Cc1ccc(O)cc1)CC(C)C)CC(=O)O)CO)CCCNC(=N)N)CCCNC(=N)N)C)CCC(=O)N)CC(=O)O)Cc1ccccc1)C(C)C)CCC(=O)N)Cc1c2c([nH]c1)cccc2)CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)O)C |
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: | MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 3482.802 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Glucagon receptor agonist; Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor agonist; Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist |
| DrugBank MoA: | Glucagon binds to the glucagon receptor activating G<sub>s</sub>α and G<sub>q</sub>. This activation activates adenylate cyclase, which increases intracellular cyclic AMP and activates protein kinase A. Activating G<sub>q</sub> activates phospholipase C, increases production of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, and releases intracellular calcium. Protein kinase A phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase kinase, which phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase, which phosphorylates glycogen, causing its breakdown. Glucagon also relaxes smooth muscle of the stomach, duodenum, small bowel, and colon. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Glucagon is indicated as a diagnostic aid in radiologic exams to temporarily inhibit the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon raises blood sugar through activation of hepatic glucagon receptors, stimulating glycogenolysis and the release of glucose. Glucagon has a short duration of action. Glucagon may cause hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. |
| DrugBank Indication: | Glucagon is indicated as a diagnostic aid in radiologic exams to temporarily inhibit the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and to treat severe hypoglycemia. |
| Targets: | GCGR agonist |
| Therapeutic Category: | Antidiabetic drug |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | Clinical trial on-going (NCT04859322) |
| Latest Progress: | Under clinical trials |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0066 | NCT02649465 | Phase 4 | Completed | No Results Available | November 11, 2015 | July 2, 2021 | Details |
| L0080 | NCT05067621 | Phase 3 | Not yet recruiting | No Results Available | June 2022 | February 10, 2022 | Details |
| L0126 | NCT04859322 | Not applicable | Recruiting | No Results Available | February 8, 2021 | April 30, 2021 | Details |
| L0132 | NCT02330549 | Phase 2 | Completed | Has Results | July 17, 2015 | October 11, 2019 | Details |
| L0136 | NCT04315350 | Not applicable | Recruiting | No Results Available | December 1, 2019 | October 8, 2021 | Details |
| L0154 | NCT03526445 | Not applicable | Completed | No Results Available | May 1, 2018 | August 6, 2019 | Details |
| L0228 | NCT02970942 | Phase 2 | Completed | Has Results | November 30, 2016 | November 16, 2021 | Details |
| L0351 | NCT04389775 | Phase 1 | Completed | No Results Available | March 29, 2020 | October 28, 2021 | Details |
| L0591 | JPRN-UMIN000020615 | Not selected | Recruiting | No Results Available | 01/02/2016 | 2 April 2019 | Details |
| L0593 | JPRN-UMIN000020544 | Not selected | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 13/01/2016 | 21 May 2019 | Details |
| L0764 | NCT03864783 | Not applicable | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 26/02/2019 | 16 February 2021 | Details |
| L0835 | NCT03047668 | Not applicable | Recruiting | No Results Available | 21/11/2016 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0938 | EUCTR2012-001371-37-DK | Phase 4 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 09/07/2012 | 10 December 2019 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs |
|---|
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A00267 | 35160204 | J Clin Med | Liraglutide + PYY3-36 Combination Therapy Mimics Effects of Roux-en-Y Bypass on Early NAFLD Whilst Lacking-Behind in Metabolic Improvements. | Details |
| A00303 | 35144334 | Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) | Dulaglutide Ameliorates Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis by Activating FAM3A Signaling Pathway. | Details |
| A00318 | 35140289 | Sci Rep | Exendin-4 alleviates steatosis in an in vitro cell model by lowering FABP1 and FOXA1 expression via the Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway. | Details |
| A00324 | 35134508 | J Nutr Biochem | Mechanisms of autophagic responses to altered nutritional status. | Details |
| A00391 | 35104330 | Diabetes Care | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. | Details |
| A00394 | 35102183 | Sci Rep | Intergenerational effects of preconception opioids on glucose homeostasis and hepatic transcription in adult male rats. | Details |
| A00446 | 35080048 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol | Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology consensus statement on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. | Details |
| A00447 | 35079935 | Mol Biol Rep | Physiological significance of bistable circuit design in metabolic homeostasis: role of integrated insulin-glucagon signalling network. | Details |
| A00474 | 35068796 | J Clin Exp Hepatol | A Current Understanding of Bile Acids in Chronic Liver Disease. | Details |
| A00475 | 35068786 | J Clin Exp Hepatol | Safety and Efficacy of Saroglitazar in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Patients With Diabetic Dyslipidemia-A Prospective, Interventional, Pilot Study. | Details |
| A00482 | 35066087 | J Hepatol | Is it time for chronopharmacology in NASH? | Details |
| A00516 | 35054924 | Int J Mol Sci | GLP-1a: Going beyond Traditional Use. | Details |
| A00521 | 35053962 | Foods | Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG4295 Improves Hyperglycemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Mice. | Details |
| A00609 | 35030323 | Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol | Efficacy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. | Details |
| A00616 | 35027111 | J Am Coll Cardiol | Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. | Details |
| A00651 | 35014161 | Diabetes Obes Metab | The metabolic triad of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, visceral adiposity and type 2 diabetes: Implications for treatment. | Details |
| A00724 | 34988690 | Acta Diabetol | Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus thiazolidinediones for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis. | Details |
| A00826 | 34956080 | Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) | Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | Details |
| A00851 | 34948020 | Int J Mol Sci | The New Therapeutic Approaches in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. | Details |
| A00856 | 34945051 | J Clin Med | Low Screening Rates Despite a High Prevalence of Significant Liver Fibrosis in People with Diabetes from Primary and Secondary Care. | Details |