Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D388 |
| Drug Name: | Vitamin E |
| Synonyms: | (+)-α-tocopherol; (2R,4'R,8'R)-α-tocopherol; (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol; 5,7,8-trimethyltocol; alpha-tocopherol; d-α-tocopherol |
| Type: | Supplement |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00163 |
| DrugBank Description: | In 1922, vitamin E was demonstrated to be an essential nutrient. Vitamin E is a term used to describe 8 different fat soluble tocopherols and tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active. Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. The antioxidant effects are currently being researched for use in the treatment of diseases causing bone loss, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities, eye diseases, inflammatory diseases (including skin conditions), lipid disorders, neurological diseases, and radiation damage. Though this research is so far inconclusive, vitamin E remains a popular supplement and is generally considered safe by the FDA. |
| PubChem ID: | 14985 |
| CasNo: | 59-02-9 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | Cc1c2c(CC[C@](O2)(CCC[C@@H](CCC[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)C)C)c(c(c1C)O)C |
| Structure: |
|
| InChiKey: | GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N |
| Molecular Weight: | 430.717 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2; Protein kinase C beta type; Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; Protein kinase C alpha type; Diacylglycerol kinase alpha; Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform; Serine/threonine-prot |
| DrugBank MoA: | The mechanism of action for most of vitamin E's effects are still unknown. Vitamin E is an antioxidant, preventing free radical reactions with cell membranes. Though in some cases vitamin E has been shown to have pro-oxidant activity. One mechanism of vitamin E's antioxidant effect is in the termination of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin E reacts with unstable lipid radicals, producing stable lipids and a relatively stable vitamin E radical. The vitamin E radical is then reduced back to stable vitamin E by reaction with ascorbate or glutathione. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Vitamin E is a collective term used to describe 8 separate fat soluble antioxidants, most commonly alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin E acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency is seen in persons with abetalipoproteinemia, premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), cystic fibrosis, and cholestasis and severe liver disease. Preliminary research suggests vitamin E may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease and protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of vitamin E have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer. |
| DrugBank Indication: | Vitamin E supplementation is indicated for treatment of vitamin E deficiency which can occur in cystic fibrosis, cholestasis and severe liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia or simply poor diet. |
| Targets: | NR1I2; ALOX5; DGKA |
| Therapeutic Category: | Anti-inflammatory |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | Phase 3 completed (Vitamin E was superior to placebo for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults without diabetes. There was no benefit of pioglitazone over placebo for the primary outcome; however, significant benefits of pioglitazone were observed for some of the secondary outcomes. NCT00063622); Phase 2 on-going (NCT04198805) |
| Latest Progress: | Under clinical trials |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0088 | NCT04704063 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | No Results Available | January 1, 2021 | October 6, 2021 | Details |
| L0097 | NCT04801849 | Phase 2 | Not yet recruiting | No Results Available | March 2022 | February 14, 2022 | Details |
| L0102 | NCT01147523 | Phase 2 | Completed | No Results Available | January 2010 | January 20, 2012 | Details |
| L0114 | NCT01720719 | Phase 4 | Unknown status | No Results Available | May 2013 | February 3, 2016 | Details |
| L0143 | NCT04977661 | Phase 4 | Completed | No Results Available | February 1, 2020 | July 27, 2021 | Details |
| L0248 | NCT01384578 | Phase 3 | Withdrawn | No Results Available | July 2011 | October 12, 2015 | Details |
| L0250 | NCT01279434 | Not applicable | Withdrawn | No Results Available | January 2012 | May 28, 2015 | Details |
| L0278 | NCT02962297 | Not applicable | Completed | No Results Available | December 2016 | February 15, 2022 | Details |
| L0314 | NCT01934777 | Phase 3 | Completed | No Results Available | October 2013 | January 14, 2016 | Details |
| L0324 | NCT03669133 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | No Results Available | December 1, 2019 | January 26, 2022 | Details |
| L0473 | JPRN-jRCT1031180386 | Not applicable | Recruiting | No Results Available | 20/03/2019 | 17 May 2021 | Details |
| L0519 | JPRN-UMIN000024606 | Not selected | Not Recruiting | Has Results | 18/11/2017 | 15 June 2020 | Details |
| L0525 | IRCT2016111322869N2 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 30/08/2017 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0577 | NCT02842567 | Phase 3 | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 13/07/2016 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0589 | IRCT2015062115587N9 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 18/02/2016 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0622 | IRCT201408312709N29 | Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 11/10/2014 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0627 | JPRN-UMIN000014736 | Not selected | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 01/08/2014 | 2 April 2019 | Details |
| L0633 | IRCT2013111715427N1 | Phase 2 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 21/01/2014 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0639 | IRCT2013071313069N2 | Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 22/09/2013 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0716 | CTRI/2019/12/022339 | Phase 3/Phase 4 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 12/12/2019 | 24 November 2021 | Details |
| L0722 | IRCT20081110001444N6 | Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 02/11/2019 | 5 November 2019 | Details |
| L0723 | NCT04198805 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | No Results Available | 30/10/2019 | 24 January 2022 | Details |
| L0731 | ChiCTR1900025787 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 08/09/2019 | 9 September 2019 | Details |
| L0735 | NCT04193982 | Phase 3 | Recruiting | No Results Available | 14/08/2019 | 1 February 2021 | Details |
| L0741 | NCT03988725 | Not applicable | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 12/06/2019 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0759 | NCT02178839 | Not applicable | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 18/06/2014 | 19 February 2015 | Details |
| L0761 | NCT00152815 | Phase 2 | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 07/09/2005 | 19 February 2015 | Details |
| L0763 | NCT00063622 | Phase 3 | Not recruiting | Has Results | 01/07/2003 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0780 | IRCT20180404039187N1 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | Recruiting | No Results Available | 22/11/2018 | 14 January 2019 | Details |
| L0785 | ChiCTR1800018629 | New Treatment Measure Clinical Study | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 30/09/2018 | 1 October 2018 | Details |
| L0820 | IRCT201705016312N4 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 20/05/2017 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0822 | IRCT2016040318124N3 | Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 28/04/2017 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0853 | IRCT2016010411991N3 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 22/01/2016 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0863 | SLCTR/2015/023 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | No Results Available | 03/10/2015 | 7 February 2022 | Details |
| L0875 | IRCT201503163320N10 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 02/07/2015 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0879 | IRCT2014101619554N1 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 02/04/2015 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0882 | IRCT2014010715879N3 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 08/02/2015 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0895 | IRCT2014042612438N6 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 18/08/2014 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0903 | NCT02690792 | Not applicable | Not recruiting | No Results Available | 17/03/2014 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0922 | IRCT2013021012421N1 | Phase 2 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 05/05/2013 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0923 | NCT01792115 | Phase 2 | Not recruiting | Has Results | 13/02/2013 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0934 | ChiCTR-TRC-12002380 | Pilot study | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 16/07/2012 | 18 April 2017 | Details |
| L0935 | ChiCTR-TRC-12002378 | Pilot study | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 16/07/2012 | 18 April 2017 | Details |
| L0936 | ChiCTR-TRC-12002377 | Pilot study | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 16/07/2012 | 18 April 2017 | Details |
| L0943 | ChiCTR-TRC-12002028 | Post-market | Recruiting | No Results Available | 29/01/2012 | 18 April 2017 | Details |
| L0957 | IRCT201012275483N1 | Not applicable | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 28/01/2011 | 22 February 2018 | Details |
| L0964 | NCT01002547 | Phase 4 | Not recruiting | Has Results | 23/10/2009 | 12 December 2020 | Details |
| L0986 | NCT00063635 | Phase 3 | Not recruiting | Has Results | 01/07/2003 | 19 October 2017 | Details |
| L0993 | NCT00862433 | Phase 1 | Recruiting | No Results Available | October 10, 2014 | April 6, 2022 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A00050 | 35243111 | Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol | Palm tocotrienol rich fraction with palm kernel oil supplementation prevents development of liver steatosis in high fat diet ICR mice. | Details |
| A00271 | 35159219 | Cells | S-Adenosylmethionine: From the Discovery of Its Inhibition of Tumorigenesis to Its Use as a Therapeutic Agent. | Details |
| A00446 | 35080048 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol | Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology consensus statement on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. | Details |
| A00543 | 35052573 | Antioxidants (Basel) | Vitamin C Deficiency May Delay Diet-Induced NASH Regression in the Guinea Pig. | Details |
| A00759 | 34977520 | JHEP Rep | Real-world management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis differs from clinical practice guideline recommendations and across regions. | Details |
| A00767 | 34974285 | Nutrition | Hepatic retinaldehyde dehydrogenases are modulated by tocopherol supplementation in mice with hepatic steatosis. | Details |
| A00959 | 34918671 | Medicine (Baltimore) | Clinical and sociodemographic determinants of disease progression in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the United States. | Details |
| A01100 | 34869532 | Front Nutr | Clinical Relevance of Vitamins and Carotenoids With Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis Detected by Transient Elastography in Adults. | Details |
| A01155 | 34850615 | Clin Chem Lab Med | Afamin predicts the prevalence and incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. | Details |
| A01269 | 34808388 | Bioorg Med Chem Lett | Design, synthesis and activity evaluation of prodrug form JBP485 and Vitamin E for alleviation of NASH. | Details |
| A01403 | 34758930 | Arch Pediatr | The role of nutrition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease treatment in obese children. | Details |
| A01468 | 34736591 | Pediatr Clin North Am | Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. | Details |
| A01511 | 34715296 | Free Radic Biol Med | Role of vitamin E in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. | Details |
| A01564 | 34692725 | Front Med (Lausanne) | PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and MBOAT7 Influence on Nutraceutical Therapy Response for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. | Details |
| A01575 | 34688168 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Current therapeutic options. | Details |
| A01890 | 34572279 | Biomedicines | Associations of Dietary Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients with Hepatic Steatosis among Adults in the United States. | Details |
| A02002 | 34533632 | J Gastroenterol | Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020. | Details |
| A02004 | 34533266 | Hepatol Res | Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020. | Details |
| A02006 | 34533249 | Phytother Res | The effects of co-administration of artichoke leaf extract supplementation with metformin and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial. | Details |
| A02042 | 34522493 | Cureus | The Role of Vitamins in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. | Details |