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Pseudomembranous Colitis: Unveiling an Infrequent Culprit Beyond Clostridium difficile-A Case Report
Publication Year: 2025 Source: J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep PMID: 40528805
Immunotherapy-induced pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly in patients with advanced malignancies. We present a case of a 68-year-old male with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing treatment with immunotherapy and chemotherapy, who developed symptoms of PMC. Workup for Clostridium difficile and other …
Homoplantaginin inhibits the progression of ulcerative colitis in mice by regulating the MMP9-RLN2 signaling axis
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Front Med (Lausanne) PMID: 40529132
INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by colonic mucosal inflammation and ulceration. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of homoplantaginin (Homo), a flavonoid derived from Salvia plebeia R. Brown, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, as well as its underlying mechanisms of action. …
Dual anti-cytokine biologic and/or targeted synthetic therapy combination in spondyloarthritis: a narrative review. Are we missing the opportunity for higher remission rates?
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Front Med (Lausanne) PMID: 40529150
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a phenotypically heterogeneous group of diseases that share genetic and immune-mediated inflammatory pathways, affecting various organs/and tissues such as the synovium, enthesis, bone marrow, skin, eye, and bowel. Advances in understanding tissue-specific cytokine imbalance in SpA have unveiled an opportunity to foster higher remission rates through a …
Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on tissue resident memory T cells
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Front Immunol PMID: 40529369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1591584
Tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are a type of tissue-restricted memory T cells with terminal differentiation and a memory function. They exist in mucosal tissues for a long period. In the absence of disease, T(RM) cells promote essential inflammation, which reinforces the intestinal barrier and prevents bacterial translocation. However, in …
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of etrasimod in healthy Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-escalation phase 1 study
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Front Pharmacol PMID: 40529495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1523339
OBJECTIVES: Etrasimod is an investigational, oral, once-daily, selective S1P(1,4,5) receptor modulator in development for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. We present safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic results of etrasimod treatment in healthy Chinese adults. METHODS: In a Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study, healthy Chinese adult subjects were …
Rifaximin as a Therapeutic Ally in the Modulation of Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review of Its Applicability in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Publication Year: 2025 Source: GE Port J Gastroenterol PMID: 40530108
BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal microbiota is vital for a well-functioning digestive tract, nutrient metabolism, immune support, and protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Disruption of this balance is known as dysbiosis. Rifaximin, an oral antibiotic with selective action, reduces harmful gut bacteria while preserving beneficial species, aiding in microbiota restoration. SUMMARY: Alterations in …
Hepatotoxicity associated with vedolizumab: case report in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol PMID: 40530502
Vedolizumab is a humanized antiintegrin alpha4beta7 mAb, selective for the intestine, used in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease. Safety studies show that vedolizumab has a 31% risk of serious adverse events, but reports of hepatotoxicity are rare. Previous case descriptions show that the lesion is mainly …
Outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis at initial presentation
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol PMID: 40530512
BACKGROUND: 20-25% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will experience at least one episode of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). Up to 20% of nonresponders to medical treatment require surgery during the index episode. For approximately one-third of the patients, ASUC is the first manifestation of the disease, presenting unique …
Attitudes of physicians managing inflammatory bowel disease toward alterations of liver function tests: an Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD) survey
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol PMID: 40530515 DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000003016
BACKGROUND: Liver diseases are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Little is known about how specialists perceive and manage liver enzyme abnormalities. This study investigates the current practice and educational needs of IBD specialists in the management of liver enzyme abnormalities. METHODS: A 22-question web-based survey was distributed …
Xanthohumol Alleviates Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Osteoporosis via Regulating Gut Microbial Metabolites
Publication Year: 2025 Source: Phytother Res PMID: 40530571 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.70001
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently experience osteoporosis (OP) due to factors such as chronic inflammation, malnutrition, and corticosteroid use. However, there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of IBD-associated OP. Xanthohumol (XAN), a natural flavonoid compound isolated from hops, has shown …
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