Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A16116 |
| PMID: | 28558676 |
| Source: | BMC Endocr Disord |
| Title: | Association of calf circumference with insulin resistance and non-alcohol fatty liver disease: the REACTION study. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: The feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is pathological excessive liver lipid accumulation of subjects who without history of alcohol abuse. Calf circumference is a proxy for lower-body fat and screening method for the identification of subjects with acatastatic lipid accumulation. The objective of this study was to examine the association between calf circumference and NAFLD. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional analysis including 8850 middle-aged and elderly individuals. NAFLD was examined by hepatic ultrasound and without alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. Calf circumference was measured on the lower right leg at the point of maximal circumference. RESULTS: The mean of calf circumference were 35.7 cm for male and 34.6 cm for female (P < 0.001), respectively. Compared with the lowest calf circumference quartile, the odds ratio for NAFLD in the highest quartile was 2.73 (95% CI 2.34-3.19, P trend <0.001) after adjusted for potential cofounders. There were also significant positive correlation between calf circumference and HOMA-IR, liver enzyme levels and triglycerides. In addition, we found significant positive correlation of calf circumference with the HOMA-IR and fasting insulin level in overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) but not in lean subjects (test for interaction: P both less than 0.001 for insulin and HOMA-IR). CONCLUSION: High calf circumference is significantly associated with elevated prevalence of NAFLD and increasing insulin resistance. |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12902-017-0176-4 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D010 | Amoxicillin | Chemical drug | DB01060 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |