Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A17133 |
| PMID: | 27973461 |
| Source: | Minerva Endocrinol |
| Title: | Bone metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: vitamin D status and bone mineral density. |
| Abstract: | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and abnormal liver enzyme worldwide. NAFLD is reported to be associated with other extra-hepatic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellites and thyroid gland abnormalities. Liver is also the source of many proteins involved in bone metabolism and is the regulator of several bone metabolism pathways. Although underlying pathogenesis is not clear, the association between NAFLD and low bone mineral density (BMD) in the forms of osteoporosis and osteopenia has been recently reported. This study aimed to review current evidences supporting the association between bone metabolism including low BMD and serum vitamin D level in patients with NAFLD. Epidemiolocal studies indicating lower BMD and vitamin D in patients with NAFLD have been reviewed. The main pathophysiological mechanisms including association of insulin resistance, serum adiponectin, ghrelin, osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin with NAFLD and low BMD have been briefly reviewed and summarized. Results of current clinical trials investigating the role of vitamin D supplementation for treatment of hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepoatitis (NASH) have been also summarized. As a conclusion, increasing evidences are now available suggesting low BMD in patients with NAFLD. Some of these studies showed association of NAFLD severity with low vitamin D and BMD. Screening and surveillance of skeletal system regarding osteoporosis/osteomalacia in patients with NAFLD may be considered in future strategies and guidelines for NAFLD management. |
| DOI: | 10.23736/S0391-1977.16.02587-6 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I15 | 1290 | Bone disease | A connective tissue disease that affects the structure or development of bone or causes an impairment of normal bone function. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_disease | disease of anatomical entity/ musculoskeletal system disease/connective tissue disease | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D248 | Obeticholic Acid | Chemical drug | DB05990 | NR1H4 activator; NR1H4 agonist; FXR agonist | Enhance lipid metabolism | Approval rejected | Details |
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D387 | Vitamin D | Supplement | DB11094 | -- | Vitamin source drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |