Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A22707 |
| PMID: | 24366230 |
| Source: | Curr Opin Lipidol |
| Title: | Nutrition, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the microbiome: recent progress in the field. |
| Abstract: | PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and it has overlapping pathogenesis with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Reviewed here are recent advances in understanding the contribution of diet and selected nutrients to NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS: To understand the effect of diet, the microbiome must be considered because it is the interface of diet and the liver. Early studies suggest that the characteristic of the microbiota is altered in NAFLD. Fructose is a lipogenic carbohydrate that contributes to insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and appears to be associated with the severity of NAFLD. Fructose absorption and malabsorption may alter the microbiota and could be mediating effects on the liver. Lipids also have potent microbiome interactions and could contribute to the benefit of diets emphasizing lipid changes. Several new studies demonstrate that the Mediterranean diet and 'lifestyle change' are effective in modestly improving NAFLD. A new study of 'lifestyle' in children showed simultaneous improvement in cardiovascular disease risk measurements and hepatic steatosis. SUMMARY: Current data supports limiting sugar in the diet and 'lifestyle change' as a first-line treatment for NAFLD; however, the benefits from these appear to be modest. The effects of diet on the liver are mediated through the microbiome and expansion of research in this area is needed. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000043 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D545 | Pig placenta extract | Biological extract | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D142 | Fructose | Chemical drug | DB04173 | -- | Intravenous nutrition drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |