Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A24543 |
| PMID: | 22770622 |
| Source: | Expert Opin Pharmacother |
| Title: | The safety and effectiveness of statins as treatment for HIV-dyslipidemia: the evidence so far and the future challenges. |
| Abstract: | INTRODUCTION: Statin therapy is widely used across the globe for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well established that statin therapy is associated with significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plasma cholesterol levels. HIV-dyslipidemia is a common problem with extensive use of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART), and is associated with an increase in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), resulting in hospital admission and surgery throughout the western healthcare systems. AREAS COVERED: This review describes the effectiveness and safety of statins in the treatment of HIV-dyslipidemia. Medline was searched for different statins as treatment for HIV-dyslipidemia. EXPERT OPINION: Dyslipidemia in patients with HIV is different from the normal population, due to the fact that HIV treatment may not only cause dyslipidemia, but may also interact with lipid lowering medication. Statin-unresponsive HIV-dyslipidemia can be treated with the addition of ezetimibe, fenofibrate, fish oil and niacin. Current guidelines recommend the use of pravastatin and atorvastatin as first-line therapy, whereas European guidelines include rosuvastatin. There is an urgent need to confirm whether the use of statins in HIV-dyslipidemia is associated with an increase in the incidence of diabetes; this is significant because HIV patients are known to be insulin-resistant. HIV is also associated with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a condition known to be associated with insulin resistance. Further clinical trials are urgently needed to assess the impact of statins on CVD in HIV patients, and future challenges for researchers in this area are enormous. |
| DOI: | 10.1517/14656566.2012.706604 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I09 | 104 | Bacterial infectious disease | A disease by infectious agent that results_in infection, has_material_basis_in Bacteria. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria | disease by infectious agent | Details |
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D131 | Ezetimibe | Chemical drug | DB00973 | SOAT1 inhibitor; | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D133 | Fenofibrate | Chemical drug | DB01039 | PPARA agonist; NR1I2 partial agonist | Anti-inflammatory | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D137 | Fish oil | Biological drug | DB13961 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D239 | Niacin | Supplement | DB00627 | NNMT binder | Hypolipidemic drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D020 | Atorvastatin | Chemical drug | DB01076 | DPP4 inhibitor; AHR agonist; HDAC2 inhibitor; NR1I3 ligand | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D312 | Rosuvastatin | Chemical drug | DB01098 | HMGCR inhibitor | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D349 | Statins | Miscellany | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |