Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A24575 |
| PMID: | 22735605 |
| Source: | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Title: | How adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin orchestrate together and correlate with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), being a source of fatty acids and cytokines such as leptin and adiponectin, and regulating ghrelin production. Their role in NAFLD pathogenesis remains controversial. We aimed to study the influence of those cytokines on the severity of NAFLD. METHODS: Morbidly obese individuals with biopsy-proven NAFLD were recruited. The NAFLD activity score was applied to liver histology. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin were determined. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were included, 13% with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Hypertriglyceridemia (P=0.018) and metabolic syndrome (P=0.040) were independent factors associated with NASH. Leptin associated positively and ghrelin associated negatively with BMI; adiponectin associated negatively with the waist to hip ratio. Adiponectin associated negatively with insulin resistance, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome; ghrelin associated positively with diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin below 23 ng/ml associated with NASH (odds ratio 12.95, P<0.001). Leptin increased progressively (P=0.032) and adiponectin decreased (P=0.004) with increasing severity of steatosis. Also, leptin increased progressively with more severe fibrosis (P=0.053). A formula incorporating the three cytokines yielded an AUROC of 0.789 (P=0.002), a sensitivity of 81.8%, and a specificity of 76.1% for NASH. CONCLUSION: An imbalance in adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin seems to be associated with more severe NAFLD. A formula combining the three cytokines showed good accuracy for NASH. |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MEG.0b013e32835609b0 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| S09 | Bariatric surgery | Metabolic surgery | -- | -- | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I12 | 10763 | Hypertension | An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D080 | Citrulline | Chemical drug | DB00155 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |