Research Article Details

Article ID: A26445
PMID: 20460913
Source: Dig Dis
Title: The role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cardiovascular disease.
Abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Fatty liver is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, the pathogenic driver of the metabolic syndrome, refers to a constellation of features such as overweight/obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia and hypertension, all of which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this article is to summarize the available data linking non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with CVD. METHODS: Two approaches were used to address this issue. First, data in support of the presence of the typical in vivo pathogenic features of atherosclerosis in individuals with NAFLD were described to confirm whether or not the association between NAFLD and CVD is plausible. Second, epidemiological data linking NAFLD with CVD outcome was reviewed. RESULTS: Individuals with NAFLD are characterized by abnormal endothelial function. Data about the carotid intima-media thickness, which as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis, are controversial, as is higher CAD even if altered myocardial perfusion has been described. Data in support of altered cardiac intermediary metabolism and energy metabolism are more robust. Low-grade inflammation is typically linked to NAFLD and animal studies, suggested that NAFLD may represent a potential mediator of the systemic inflammation. Epidemiologic studies support a causal link between fatty liver and type 2 diabetes but the causal association between NAFLD and CVD is rather weak. CONCLUSION: NAFLD is characterized by the early onset of the typical metabolic and vascular pathogenic alterations of atherosclerosis. In spite of this background, the evidence for the association between NAFLD and CVD is weak.
DOI: 10.1159/000282088

Strategy ID Therapy Strategy Synonyms Therapy Targets Therapy Drugs
S01 Improve insulin resistance insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide Details

Target ID Target Name GENE Action Class UniProtKB ID Entry Name

Diseases ID DO ID Disease Name Definition Class
I05 9352 Type 2 diabetes mellitus A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus Details
I07 1936 Arteriosclerosis Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35768 disease of anatomical entity/cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/ artery disease Details
I12 10763 Hypertension An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease Details
I13 3146 Lipid metabolism disorder An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder Details
I14 9970 Obesity An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition Details

Drug ID Drug Name Type DrugBank ID Targets Category Latest Progress
D248 Obeticholic Acid Chemical drug DB05990 NR1H4 activator; NR1H4 agonist; FXR agonist Enhance lipid metabolism Approval rejected Details
D182 Insulin Biological drug DB00030 INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of -- Under clinical trials Details