Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A27192 |
| PMID: | 19013572 |
| Source: | Atherosclerosis |
| Title: | Factors associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among youths. |
| Abstract: | OBJECTIVES: To compare the cardio-metabolic risk factors, fitness and lifestyle among adolescents with and without weight disorders and/or metabolic abnormality, and to identify the factors associated with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this age group. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 100 adolescents (12-18 years) consisting of four subgroups of normal weight/obese with and without components of the metabolic syndrome. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, apolipoproteins A, B, CRP, oxidized-LDL, malondialdehyde and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were examined. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the sonographic findings of liver and carotid intima media thickness were determined. RESULTS: Overall 95 participants completed all tests. Serum lipids, lipoproteins, the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as the C-IMT of normal weight children with a metabolic abnormality were similar to obese children. CRF had the highest inverse correlation with HOMA-IR and ALT. Physical activity and healthy eating index had similar inverse correlation with HOMA-IR and ALT. ApoB/ApoA-I had significant independent association with upper quartiles of HOMA-IR and ALT. Waist circumference and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio had the highest odds ratio in increasing the risk of insulin resistance and NAFLD, whereas CRF followed by healthy eating index decreased this risk significantly. C-IMT was significantly associated with insulin resistance and NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant associations between insulin resistance and NAFLD, and similar risk factors and protective factors for these two inter-related disorders; in this regard the role of CRF and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoB/ApoA-I) ratio in the pediatric age group is underscored. |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.034 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S04 | Anti-oxidative stress | oxidative stress | α-tocopherol: antioxidant | Vitamin E | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| I07 | 1936 | Arteriosclerosis | Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35768 | disease of anatomical entity/cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D545 | Pig placenta extract | Biological extract | -- | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D579 | Emfilermin | Miscellany | -- | adipocytes | Enhance lipid metabolism | Under investigation | Details |
| D199 | L-alanine | Chemical drug | DB00160 | KYNU | -- | Failed in clinical trials | Details |
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D316 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine | Chemical drug | DB00118 | GNMT cofactor | Antiviral | Under clinical trials | Details |