Research Article Details

Article ID: A27420
PMID: 18419637
Source: J Dig Dis
Title: Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on accelerated metabolic complications.
Abstract: Insulin resistance is the basis of both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), the two conditions are often found in the same individual. The mortality of patients with NAFLD is significantly higher than that among the general population and cardiovascular risk may compete with liver-related risk in dictating the final outcome. Recent prospective studies have reported that NAFLD is associated with an increased incidence of MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus, independent of obesity and other components of MetS. Thus, NAFLD may not only be a liver disease but also an early mediator of type 2 diabetes mellitus and MetS. The biological mechanisms by which NAFLD contributes to a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders are not fully understood. However, the fatty liver could contribute in the same way as visceral adipose tissue to insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, while the decreased serum adiponectin concentrations might also be part of the mechanism. In contemporary clinical practice, it has become mandatory to evaluate the metabolic risk factors in NAFLD patients and to consider careful surveillance and aggressive treatment, not only of the resultant liver disease, but also of the possible underlying metabolic and vascular complications. Future studies might address the question whether earlier adjustment to a more efficient lifestyle or a pharmacological treatment that mobilizes fat out of the liver could reduce these risks.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2008.00323.x

Strategy ID Therapy Strategy Synonyms Therapy Targets Therapy Drugs
S01 Improve insulin resistance insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide Details
S04 Anti-oxidative stress oxidative stress α-tocopherol: antioxidant Vitamin E Details

Target ID Target Name GENE Action Class UniProtKB ID Entry Name
T10 Caspase-1 CASP1 inhibitor Enzyme P29466 CASP1_HUMAN Details
T18 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 ACACA inhibitor Enzyme Q13085 ACACA_HUMAN Details

Diseases ID DO ID Disease Name Definition Class
I05 9352 Type 2 diabetes mellitus A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus Details
I14 9970 Obesity An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition Details

Drug ID Drug Name Type DrugBank ID Targets Category Latest Progress
D328 Serine Chemical drug DB00133 SRR Improve insulin resistance Under clinical trials Details
D579 Emfilermin Miscellany -- adipocytes Enhance lipid metabolism Under investigation Details
D316 S-adenosyl-L-methionine Chemical drug DB00118 GNMT cofactor Antiviral Under clinical trials Details
D182 Insulin Biological drug DB00030 INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of -- Under clinical trials Details