Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A28532 |
| PMID: | 11944631 |
| Source: | Semin Gastrointest Dis |
| Title: | Fat and the liver--a molecular overview. |
| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that occurs in nondrinkers but which cannot be distinguished from alcohol-induced liver disease histologically. There are no diagnostic blood tests for NAFLD but the disease is associated with several insulin-resistant states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Most of the liver-related morbidity and mortality that accompany NAFLD occur in patients who develop cirrhosis. The latter is most likely to occur in individuals who have progressed from simple steatosis (fatty liver) to steatohepatitis, a chronic inflammatory liver lesion. The mechanisms that promote the transition from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis appear to involve multiple cellular adaptations to the oxidative stress that occurs when fatty acid metabolism is deranged during insulin resistance. A better understanding of these mechanisms is desired to target treatments to prevent and/or reverse nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, thereby aborting the evolution of cirrhosis. |
| DOI: |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S04 | Anti-oxidative stress | oxidative stress | α-tocopherol: antioxidant | Vitamin E | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |