Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A50148 |
| PMID: | 35503180 |
| Source: | Adv Exp Med Biol |
| Title: | Manifold Roles of Ceramide Metabolism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Cancer. |
| Abstract: | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder manifested in hepatic fat accumulation (hepatic steatosis) in the absence of heavy alcohol use. NAFLD consists of four major stages ranging from simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to more advanced stages, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NFLAD may further advance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Primary causes of NAFLD are obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). As a result of the obesity pandemic, NAFLD has become one of the most common liver disorders worldwide and both the incidence and mortality rate of HCC that develops from NAFLD are increasing steadily. As treatment options are not available for advanced NAFLD, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for NAFLD development and progression is urgently needed. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the metabolism of sphingolipids contributes to development and progression of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated HCC. The present chapter summarizes roles of bioactive sphingolipids, ceramides, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their metabolizing enzymes in NAFLD and HCC. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_11 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S03 | Anti-fibrosis | fibrosis | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB); CCR2/CCR5 antagonist; Thyroid receptor β agonist; PEGylated human FGF21 analogue; Monoclonal antibody to lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2); Galectin-3 inhibitor; FGF19 variant | Losartan; Cenicriviroc; VK-2809; MGL-3196; Pegbelfermin; Simtuzumab; GR-MD-02; NGM282 | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |