Repositioning Candidate Details
| Candidate ID: | R0929 |
| Source ID: | DB06137 |
| Source Type: | approved; investigational |
| Compound Type: | small molecule |
| Compound Name: | Tirbanibulin |
| Synonyms: | Tirbanibulin |
| Molecular Formula: | C26H29N3O3 |
| SMILES: | O=C(CC1=CC=C(C=N1)C1=CC=C(OCCN2CCOCC2)C=C1)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 |
| Structure: |
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| DrugBank Description: | Tirbanibulin (KX-O1 or KX2–391) is a dual inhibitor of Src Kinase and tubulin. On December 14, 2020, tirbanibulin was approved by the FDA for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis on the face or scalp. It is marketed under the brand name Klisyri. Actinic keratosis is a chronic condition characterized by lesions, which can potentially transform into invasive squamous cell carcinoma with a risk of 1% over 10 years. Tirbanibulin blocks the molecular pathways that promote the proliferation, survival, and metastasis of malignant cells. Tirbanibulin exhibits antitumour effects in vitro and in vivo and has been investigated for its antitumor efficacy in the management of various cancers, such as prostate cancer and breast cancer. |
| CAS Number: | 897016-82-9 |
| Molecular Weight: | 431.536 |
| DrugBank Indication: | Tirbanibulin is indicated for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis on the face or scalp. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | In clinical trials composed comprising patients with actinic keratosis of the face or scalp, tirbanibulin promoted complete clearance of actinic keratosis lesions at day 57 in treated areas in 44-54% of patients compared to 5-13% of patients who received the placebo. Actinic keratosis is a chronic, pre-malignant condition characterized by lesions and proliferation of neoplastic keratinocytes. Tirbanibulin mediates an anti-proliferative effect by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and Src kinase signalling. Tirbanibulin inhibited primary tumour growth and metastasis in many preclinical animal models of cancer. In human triple-negative breast cancer, or estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumour, xenografts, tirbanibulin suppressed tumour growth and metastasis. Tirbanibulin was also shown to restore functional ERα expression in ERα-negative breast tumours. Tirbanibulin promoted synergistic tumour growth inhibition of breast cancer cell lines when used in combination with tamoxifen and paclitaxel. In a clinical trial comprising patients with advanced solid tumours, dose-limiting toxicities of tirbanibulin included elevated liver transaminases, neutropenia and fatigue. |
| DrugBank MoA: | Src tyrosine kinases regulate normal cell growth: the expression of Src kinase is upregulated during the normal hair cycle during the proliferative anagen phase. Additionally, Src tyrosine kinases act as key modulators of cancer cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, invasion and metastasis. Src is frequently upregulated in various epithelial tumours including colon, breast and pancreas compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The expression and activity of Src are also enhanced in human actinic keratosis, which is characterized by hyperproliferative premalignant skin lesions. The pathogenesis of actinic keratosis commonly involves skin inflammation, oxidative stress, immunosuppression, impaired apoptosis, mutagenesis, dysregulation of keratinocyte growth and proliferation, and tissue remodelling. _In vitro_ studies suggest that Src plays a predominant role in the early stages of human skin tumour development, rather than at later stages of tumour progression. The exact mechanism of tirbanibulin as a topical treatment of actinic keratosis has not been fully elucidated; however, it mainly works by inhibiting fast proliferating cells. Tirbanibulin is a non-ATP competitive Src kinase inhibitor and tubulin polymerization inhibitor. It binds to the peptide substrate binding site of Src, a primary target of tirbanibulin, and blocking its downstream signalling pathways that promote cancer cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Tublin is responsible for cell migration, protein transport, and mitosis: tibranibulin directly binds to the colchicine-binding site of beta-tubulin and causes induces tubulin depolymerization. It is also hypothesized that inhibition of Src can also contribute to the inhibitory effects on microtubule polymerization. At low nanomolar concentrations, tirbanibulin induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. By inhibiting microtubule polymerization, tirbanibulin also induces mitotic catastrophe. |
| Targets: | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src inhibitor; Tubulin beta chain inhibitor |
| Inclusion Criteria: | Therapeutic strategy associated |
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