Investigational Drug Details
| Drug ID: | D062 |
| Drug Name: | Carnitine complex |
| Synonyms: | Godex; (-)-Carnitine; (-)-L-Carnitine; (R)-Carnitine; 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt; Carnitine; L-Carnitine; Levocarnitine; Vitamin BT |
| Type: | Supplement |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00583 |
| DrugBank Description: | Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. |
| PubChem ID: | 10917 |
| CasNo: | 541-15-1, 836627-73-7 |
| Repositioning for NAFLD: | Yes |
| SMILES: | -- |
| InChiKey: | -- |
| Molecular Weight: | 161.201 |
| DrugBank Targets: | Solute carrier family 22 member 4; Solute carrier family 22 member 5; Carnitine O-acetyltransferase; Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein CACL; Mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier protein; Peroxisomal carnitine O-octanoyltransfe |
| DrugBank MoA: | Levocarnitine can be synthesised within the body from the amino acids lysine or methionine. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential to the synthesis of carnitine. Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cells to urine before they accumulate to toxic concentrations. Only the L isomer of carnitine (sometimes called vitamin BT) affects lipid metabolism. Levocarnitine is handled by several proteins in different pathways including carnitine transporters, carnitine translocases, carnitine acetyltransferases and carnitine palmitoyltransferases. |
| DrugBank Pharmacology: | Levocarnitine is a carrier molecule in the transport of long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It also exports acyl groups from subcellular organelles and from cells to urine before they accumulate to toxic concentrations. Lack of carnitine can lead to liver, heart, and muscle problems. Carnitine deficiency is defined biochemically as abnormally low plasma concentrations of free carnitine, less than 20 µmol/L at one week post term and may be associated with low tissue and/or urine concentrations. Further, this condition may be associated with a plasma concentration ratio of acylcarnitine/levocarnitine greater than 0.4 or abnormally elevated concentrations of acylcarnitine in the urine. Only the L isomer of carnitine (sometimes called vitamin BT) affects lipid metabolism. The "vitamin BT" form actually contains D,L-carnitine, which competitively inhibits levocarnitine and can cause deficiency. Levocarnitine can be used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. |
| DrugBank Indication: | For treatment of primary systemic carnitine deficiency, a genetic impairment of normal biosynthesis or utilization of levocarnitine from dietary sources, or for the treatment of secondary carnitine deficiency resulting from an inborn error of metabolism such as glutaric aciduria II, methyl malonic aciduria, propionic acidemia, and medium chain fatty acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias. Parenteral levocarnitine is indicated for the prevention and treatment of carnitine deficiency in patients with end-stage renal disease. |
| Targets: | SLC22A4; SLC22A5; CRAT; MPO |
| Therapeutic Category: | -- |
| Clinical Trial Progress: | Phase 4 on-going (KCT0000505) |
| Latest Progress: | Under clinical trials |
| Trial ID | Source ID | Phases | Status | Study Results | Start Date | Last Update Posted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L0932 | KCT0000505 | Phase 4 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 14/08/2012 | 11 March 2019 | Details |
| L0948 | KCT0000193 | Phase 4 | Not Recruiting | No Results Available | 04/10/2011 | 11 March 2019 | Details |
| Strategy ID | Strategy | Synonyms | Related Targets | Related Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| Article ID | PMID | Source | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A25209 | 22093454 | Liver Int | Prevention of free fatty acid-induced hepatic lipotoxicity by carnitine via reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction. | Details |
| A26375 | 20571306 | Korean J Gastroenterol | Effects of carnitine on peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and liver function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. | Details |