| Drug ID: | Drug10 |
|---|---|
| Drug Name: | Azathioprine |
| CID: | 2265 |
| DrugBank ID: | DB00993 |
| Modality: | Small Molecule |
| Groups: | approved |
| US Approved: | YES |
| Other Approved: | YES |
| Identifier: | NCT03370601, , NCT02413047, , NCT06213857, , NCT02281799, , NCT03101800, , NCT04882683, , NCT03151525, , NCT00984568, , NCT02579733, , NCT01817972 |
| Molecular Formula: | C9H7N7O2S |
| Molecular Weight: | 277.27 g/mol |
| Isomeric SMILES: | CN1C=NC(=C1SC2=NC=NC3=C2NC=N3)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Synonyms: | azathioprine; 446-86-6; Azothioprine; Azathioprin; Azamun; Azanin; Azatioprin; Azasan; Ccucol; Imurek |
| Phase 0: | 3 |
| Phase 1: | 7 |
| Phase 2: | 38 |
| Phase 3: | 59 |
| Phase 4: | 44 |
| Description: | An immunosuppressive antimetabolite pro-drug. It is an imidazolyl derivative of 6-mercaptopurine and many of its biological effects are similar to those of the parent compound. Azathioprine is converted into 6-mercaptopurine in the body where it blocks purine metabolism and DNA synthesis. |
Molecular Structure
Knowledge Graph
| dtID | CID | Compound Name | Gene ID | Gene Name | Species | PubMed IDs | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dt80 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5243 | ABCB1 | Homo sapiens (human) | 17262810 | ABCB1 gene polymorphism affects the susceptibility to azathioprine |
| dt81 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8647 | ABCB11 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCB11 mRNA |
| dt82 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 5244 | ABCB4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCB4 mRNA |
| dt83 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt84 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 1244 | ABCC2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC2 mRNA |
| dt85 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 8714 | ABCC3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC3 mRNA |
| dt86 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 10257 | ABCC4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABCC4 mRNA |
| dt87 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 9429 | ABCG2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG2 mRNA |
| dt88 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 64240 | ABCG5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | 27765674 | Azathioprine results in decreased expression of ABCG5 mRNA |
| dt89 | 2265 | Azathioprine | 63874 | ABHD4 | Homo sapiens (human) | 22623647 | Azathioprine results in increased expression of ABHD4 mRNA |
- No data available
Phase Distribution
Phase Description
- Phase 0: Exploratory trials to assess drug behavior in humans
- Phase 1: Safety trials to determine safe dosage range
- Phase 2: Efficacy trials to evaluate therapeutic effects
- Phase 3: Large-scale trials to confirm efficacy and safety
- Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance for long-term safety and efficacy
| Trial ID | Title | Phase | Status | Sponsor | Indications | Interventions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05584228 | Medical Treatment Versus Surgery in Stricturing Small Bowel Crohn's Disease | NA | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Nantes University Hospital | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine + infliximab|PROCEDURE: Intest… | Details |
| NCT05456776 | Azathioprine Linked With Impaired Intestinal Epithelial Postoperative Regeneration in Crohn's Disease | NULL | COMPLETED | Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | None | Details |
| NCT05321485 | The Effect of MedicijnWijs on Adherence to Azathioprine Therapy in Adolescents With IBD | NA | UNKNOWN | Maxima Medical Center | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Ulcerat… | OTHER: MedicijnWijs | Details |
| NCT07138898 | Immunosuppressant Management in Rheumatology Patients Undergoing Elective Total Shoulder Arthroplasty | PHASE2 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | NYU Langone Health | Rheumatic Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Sulfasalazine|DRUG: Hydr… | Details |
| NCT05040464 | Comparison of Azathioprine to Methotrexate in Combination Therapy With Adalimumab in Crohn's Disease: an Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial | PHASE3 | RECRUITING | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens | Crohn Disease|Azathioprine|Methotrexate | DRUG: AZA capsules|DRUG: MTX|BIOLOGICAL: blood sa… | Details |
| NCT04882683 | Clinical Study of Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on Treatment of Hormone-resistant or Hormone-dependent Ulcerative Colitis | NA | UNKNOWN | Shandong Qilu Stem Cells Engineering Co., Ltd. | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Prednisone|DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Adalimu… | Details |
| NCT04761952 | N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases|Crohn Disease|Polyuns… | DRUG: azathioprine|DRUG: infliximab|DRUG: N-3 Pol… | Details |
| NCT04160325 | Effect of the Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Combined With Azathioprine for Remission of Crohn's Diseases After Surgery | NA | UNKNOWN | Zhu Weiming | Crohn Disease | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: postoperative 3-month exclusi… | Details |
| NCT03681652 | Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Outcome in Children | NULL | RECRUITING | Schneider Children's Medical Center, Israel | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Anti-TNF Drug | Details |
| NCT03580876 | Addition of Azathioprine in IBD Patients With Immunogenic Failure | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Védrines, Philippe, M.D. | Clinical Failure After Switch | DRUG: addition of azathioprine|DRUG: Switch to a … | Details |
| NCT03393247 | The Therapy Effect of Azathioprine Initial or 14 Weeks After Combined With Infliximab on CD | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: infliximab and azathioprine combination at … | Details |
| NCT03370601 | Evaluation of the Clinical and Immunological Impact of Two Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases | NA | TERMINATED | University Hospital, Lille | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Mercaptopurine|DRUG: Azath… | Details |
| NCT03185611 | Effectiveness of Rifaximin Combined With Thiopurine on Preventing Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn's Disease | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Rifaximin|DRUG: Azathioprine | Details |
| NCT03151525 | Two Therapeutic Strategies for the Maintenance of Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | UNKNOWN | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Colitis, Ulcerative | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Infliximab | Details |
| NCT03101800 | Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Azathioprine and Allopurinol Versus Standard Azathioprine Therapy for Patients With Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE3 | UNKNOWN | Hvidovre University Hospital | Colitis, Ulcerative|Colitis Ulcerative Exacerbati… | DRUG: Azathioprine and Allopurinol|DRUG: Azathiop… | Details |
| NCT02998827 | Thalidomide Results in Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Reproductive Age Female IBD Patients | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Crohn Disease | DRUG: Thalidomide|DRUG: infliximab, azathioprine|… | Details |
| NCT02929706 | Pre-genotype NUDT 15 R139C on Reducing Thiopurine-induced Leucopenia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease | NA | UNKNOWN | Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University | Thiopurine-induced Leukopenia | GENETIC: Pre-genotype NUDT15 and optimize azathio… | Details |
| NCT02852694 | Reduce Risk for Crohn's Disease Patients | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | PIBD-Net | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Methotrexate|DRUG: Adalimumab|DRUG: Azathio… | Details |
| NCT02579733 | Azathioprine Based on Endoscopy After Clinical Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis | PHASE4 | TERMINATED | Kyungpook National University Hospital | Ulcerative Colitis | DRUG: Azathioprine|DRUG: Placebo | Details |
| NCT02517684 | Top-down Infliximab Study in Kids With Crohn's Disease | PHASE4 | COMPLETED | Erasmus Medical Center | Crohn's Disease | DRUG: Infliximab|DRUG: Prednisolone|OTHER: Exclus… | Details |
| Disease ID | Disease Name | Definition | Category | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No data available | ||||||
| Strategy ID | Therapeutic Strategy | Synonyms | Related Drugs | Mechanism | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S02 | Immunosuppression | Classic immunosuppressive drugs | azathioprine; 6-mercaptopurine; methotrexate; ciclosporin-A; tacrolimus | Ciclosporin-A and tacrolimus bind to specific intracellular… | Details |
Change in erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume during combination therapy with a…
PMID: 25581826
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: The adequacy of exposure of purine analogs as measured by 6-thioguanine nucleotides concentrations in the setting of combination therapy …
[Azathioprine in Crohn's disease therapy--guidance against the background of re…
PMID: 25474282
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
Thiopurines (azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine) are the most frequently used drugs in the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease. In current guid…
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. versus azathioprine for prevention of postopera…
PMID: 25445405
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Clinical Trial
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TwHF) has been used for many years to induce the remission of Crohn's disease in China. AIMS: To compare…
Suspected azathioprine induced liver cirrhosis: an unusual side effect
PMID: 25392720
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
In recent years, the hepatotoxic potential of thiopurines, in particular 6-thioguanine (6-TG) has been discussed in literature. However, cirrhosis wa…
Withdrawal of long-term maintenance treatment with azathioprine tends to increa…
PMID: 25381202
Year: 2015
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Many patients with quiescent Crohn's disease are maintained on long-term treatment with azathioprine (AZA), but controlled data a…
Azathioprine is more effective than mesalazine at preventing recurrent bowel ob…
PMID: 25370731
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Patients with subocclusive Crohn's disease (CD) who received azathioprine (AZA) therapy had lower re-hospitalization rates due to all cau…
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of surgically-induced remissi…
PMID: 25081347
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition. Many patients fail to achieve remission with medical management and r…
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis associated with azathioprine therapy in Crohn disea…
PMID: 25022612
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder. It most often occurs in patients …
UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of the azathioprine metabolites 6-mercapto…
PMID: 24960235
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
In the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, the use of azathioprine is increasing over the time. It has been demonstrated that the effectiveness…
Azathioprine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease patients: type and time of…
PMID: 24488903
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), purine analogues, are the immunosuppressant drugs most frequently used for inducing and m…
Crohn's disease outcome in patients under azathioprine: a tertiary referral cen…
PMID: 24332869
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Azathioprine is of major importance in the treatment of Crohn's disease; its efficacy has been showed in several works, but real…
Disseminated cutaneous herpes simplex infection in a patient with Crohn's disea…
PMID: 24257435
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
Immunosuppressive treatments used in the management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, namely steroids, thiopurines and anti-TNF drugs, raise the risk of…
Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after long-term trea…
PMID: 23216663
Year: 2014
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.3
BACKGROUND: Auto-immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) are often successfully treated with the immunosuppressant azathioprine for years. Trea…
Azathioprine
PMID: 30000109
Year: 2006
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 9.1
Studies in women with inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus or transplantation taking doses of azathioprine up to 200 mg daily for…
Is breastfeeding safe with azathioprine?
PMID: 27579102
Year: 2011
Relationship Type:
Adverse Effect
Score: 9.1
BACKGROUND: Azathioprine is commonly used as an immunosuppressant during pregnancy in the management of various conditions such as connective tissue …
[Acute cytomegalovirus infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in a patien…
PMID: 24292114
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.1
The authors present the case of a 21-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis. Azathioprine treatment was complicated with pancytopenia and septic shoc…
Azathioprine induced serious portal hypertension: a case series of three IBD pa…
PMID: 24261031
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.1
We report 3 male IBD patients (2 Crohn's Disease, 1 Ulcerative Colitis) developing thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly on azathioprine treatment. All p…
[Is there any interest to dose the azathioprine's metabolites during inflammato…
PMID: 24225042
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.1
OBJECTIVE: The objective of our work is to search if there is a relation between azathioprine's metabolites (6-thioguanines nucleotides and 6-methyl …
Adverse events associated with azathioprine treatment in korean pediatric infla…
PMID: 24224150
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.1
PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the frequency and course of adverse events associated with azathioprine treatment in Korean pediatric patie…
Successful azathioprine treatment with metabolite monitoring in a pediatric inf…
PMID: 24142665
Year: 2013
Relationship Type:
Treatment
Score: 9.1
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) methylates purine analogues, showing TPMT activity in inverse relation to concentrations of active metabolites …