Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A15467 |
| PMID: | 28892924 |
| Source: | J Clin Diagn Res |
| Title: | Comparison of Pioglitazone and Metformin Efficacy against Glucocorticoid Induced Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis in Insulin Resistant Rats. |
| Abstract: | INTRODUCTION: Insulin Resistance is a major cause of Atherosclerosis (AS) and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). These lipid alterations in blood vessels and liver may progress to cardiovascular abnormalities and cirrhosis respectively. Drugs like pioglitazone (PIO) and metformin (MET) are effective insulin sensitizers used in T2DM. But their efficacy and tolerability needs to be compared in IR associated abnormalities. AIM: To compare the efficacy of PIO and MET in glucocorticoid induced AS, Hepatic Steatosis (HS) and IR in albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups (n=6). Group 1 (Normal control) rats consumed 2% gum acacia orally for 12 days. Group 2 {dexamethasone (DEX) control} rats were administered 2% gum acacia orally for 12 days and DEX (8 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) from 7th to 12th day during the study period. Group 3 and 4 (PIO and MET control) rats received oral administration of PIO (45 mg/kg) and MET (1000 mg/kg) for 12 days respectively. Both groups were treated with DEX (8 mg/kg/i.p.) from 7th to 12th day during the study period. On last day, fasting blood was collected and rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation; aorta and liver tissues were isolated for the histopathological examination. Body weight, liver weight and liver volume were measured. Blood samples were processed for biochemical parameters. The data were analysed by One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Scheffe's multiple comparison post-hoc test. The statistical significance was assumed at p<0.05. RESULTS: Our results established the possible role of DEX in the development of AS and HS. Histopathological examination of Group 2 rats treated with DEX showed a marked lipid accumulation in the aorta and liver. Administration of MET and PIO resulted in partial to complete restoration of DEX induced fatty changes in aorta and liver. Both drugs significantly (p<0.05) prevented the elevation of insulin, lipid, glucose levels, liver weight and liver volume in DEX treated rats. They had significantly (p<0.05) improved body weight and insulin sensitivity. However, PIO was highly significant (p<0.05) compared to MET in reducing DEX induced IR complications. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that PIO was more effective insulin sensitizer compared to MET in reducing AS, HS and IR induced by glucocorticoids. |
| DOI: | 10.7860/JCDR/2017/28418.10193 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I07 | 1936 | Arteriosclerosis | Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35768 | disease of anatomical entity/cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D225 | Metformin | Chemical drug | DB00331 | PRKAB1 inducer activator; ETEDH inhibitor; GPD1 inhibitor | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D275 | Pioglitazone | Chemical drug | DB01132 | PPARG agonist | Improve insulin resistance | Advanced in clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D248 | Obeticholic Acid | Chemical drug | DB05990 | NR1H4 activator; NR1H4 agonist; FXR agonist | Enhance lipid metabolism | Approval rejected | Details |
| D316 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine | Chemical drug | DB00118 | GNMT cofactor | Antiviral | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D157 | Glucophage | Chemical drug | DB00331 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D094 | Cysteamine | Chemical drug | DB00847 | GSS stimulant | Renal drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D095 | Cysteamine bitartrate | Chemical drug | DB00847 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |