Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A16775 |
| PMID: | 28185191 |
| Source: | Methods Mol Biol |
| Title: | A Coupled Approach Utilizing Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry to Visualize Cellular Lipophagy. |
| Abstract: | Aberrant liver function as a consequence of excessive fat accumulation as observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is responsible for a plethora of disorders leading to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In most cases, the cause of NAFLD is not completely understood but has been primarily linked to the occurrence of insulin resistance that often accompanies obesity, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes. Hence, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its comorbidities. Recent evidence indicates the role of lipid turnover in the pathophysiology of NAFLD via autophagy, namely lipophagy. Moreover, certain features of the liver such as its regenerative capacity make it an autophagy-dependent organ. This paper describes several autophagy molecular imaging tools that can be employed to visualize hepatic lipid turnover to elucidate the importance of this signaling cascade in pathological conditions, especially NAFLD. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/978-1-4939-6759-9_11 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D080 | Citrulline | Chemical drug | DB00155 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D303 | Rifampicin | Chemical drug | DB01045 | NR1I2 agonist | Antimycobacterial drug | Under clinical trials | Details |