Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A27264 |
| PMID: | 18806722 |
| Source: | Pediatr Endocrinol Rev |
| Title: | The inflammatory process of adipose tissue. |
| Abstract: | Obesity and inflammation are highly integrated processes in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The evidence that obesity can be regarded as an inflammatory disease comes from numerous studies showing a moderate increase of circulating inflammatory factors in obese patients and the identification of different types of immune cells infiltrating the human adipose tissue. Obesity may induce a pro-inflammatory state, which can cause or worsen insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. The causative factors of this inflammation process in obesity are not entirely understood, but adipose tissue seems to play an important role in the relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation. Increased infiltration of adipose tissue with immune cells could cause adipose tissue insulin resistance via autocrine and paracrine cytokine/adipokine signalling, which contributes to systemically decreased insulin sensitivity via endocrine signalling. On the other hand, obesity-induced inflammation could represent a compensatory mechanism for increased adipose tissue turnover in obese states, which might protect obese individuals against deleterious effects of fat accumulation. A better understanding of the mechanisms and molecular components of obesity induced inflammatory response might lead to identifying novel therapeutic targets to prevent obesity-related complications. |
| DOI: |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S08 | Lifestyle measures | Lifestyle intervention; weight loss; diet adaptation; dietary interventions; lifestyle modifications; Exercise | -- | -- | Details |
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| I07 | 1936 | Arteriosclerosis | Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35768 | disease of anatomical entity/cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |