Research Article Details
Article ID: | A27382 |
PMID: | 18505888 |
Source: | J Clin Pathol |
Title: | Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. |
Abstract: | The epidemic of obesity is largely responsible for the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the developed world. Since 2001 with the development of the NCEP metabolic syndrome classification, simple pragmatic criteria have been available that can be applied in primary care across all continents to diagnose the syndrome. Although there is an ongoing debate about the level of thresholds that should be applied to individual features of the syndrome, it is likely that with further research a consensus will be reached in the near future. It is now clear that metabolic syndrome represents a condition of insulin resistance and ectopic fat accumulation associated with a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype. The syndrome is sometimes associated with other conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The review discusses the various approaches to the investigation of people with the metabolic syndrome. Simple tools for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are described. Some of the more complex biochemical tests that are now being applied in research to the diagnosis of associated conditions, such as NAFLD, are also described. |
DOI: | 10.1136/jcp.2007.048363 |

Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I12 | 10763 | Hypertension | An artery disease characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure in the arteries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24352797 | disease of anatomical entity/ cardiovascular system disease/vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |