Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A51100 |
| PMID: | 35766964 |
| Source: | J Med Food |
| Title: | Persimmon Water Extract Suppresses Hepatic Lipotoxicity by Regulating Lipid Metabolites. |
| Abstract: | This study was performed to investigate the effects of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic lipotoxicity. The compounds of persimmon water extract (PWE) were identified as gallic acid, glucogallin, 1-O-Galloyl-(2-O-acetyl)-glu, and trihydroxy-octadecadienoic acid. The PWE was ingested by C57BL/6 mice with an HFD for 8 weeks. The PWE improved glucose tolerance and suppressed weight gain by inhibiting increases in the weight of liver and adipose tissues. The results of serum biomarker analysis showed that PWE suppressed biomarkers such as liver injury and dyslipidemia. In ex vivo tests, reduction of oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction were confirmed in the liver of PWE groups. In a molecular study, it was confirmed that PWE decreased lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver. Finally, in a metabolite analysis of liver tissue using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), it was confirmed that PWE has an effect on lipid metabolism. In particular, PWE reduced phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs). Notably, it is presumed that the reduction of lysoPCs and PCs in the PWE group is related to the improvement of liver dysfunction due to lipotoxicity. |
| DOI: | 10.1089/jmf.2022.K.0021 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| S04 | Anti-oxidative stress | oxidative stress | α-tocopherol: antioxidant | Vitamin E | Details |
| S13 | Anti-apoptosis | hepatocyte apoptosis; hepatic autophagy; apoptosis | Pan-caspase inhibitor | Emricasan | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I13 | 3146 | Lipid metabolism disorder | An inherited metabolic disorder that involves the creation and degradation of lipids. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_metabolism | disease of metabolism/ inherited metabolic disorder | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D328 | Serine | Chemical drug | DB00133 | SRR | Improve insulin resistance | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D075 | Choline | Supplement | DB00122 | PLD2 product of; PLD1 product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D080 | Citrulline | Chemical drug | DB00155 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D273 | Phosphatidylcholine | Chemical drug | DB15834 | -- | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |