Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A52465 |
| PMID: | 26777475 |
| Source: | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis |
| Title: | Subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with Epicardial Fat Thickness and hepatic steatosis in the general population. |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Abdominal obesity and hepatic steatosis are ectopic fat depots associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Epicardial Fat Thickness (EFT) is a newly discovered one, increasing with obesity, insulin resistance and MetS. Therefore we studied whether different ectopic fat markers, and EFT in particular, are associated with MetS and markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: 868 subjects from the PLIC Study were included, EFT, aortic calcifications, carotid Intima-Media Thickness (c-IMT) and echocardiographic parameters were determined by ultrasound; extra-cardiac atherosclerotic lesions were defined in presence of plaques at both carotid and aortic levels. Hepatic steatosis degrees were defined according to a scoring system. Abdominal adiposity was determined using Dual X-ray Absorbimetry (DEXA). Independently from age, women showed higher EFT versus men (4.5 (0.20-9.00) mm vs 4.00 (0.10-8.00) mm, p = 0.013); EFT was thicker in post-menopausal women (independently from hormone-replacement therapy). EFT, liver steatosis and abdominal adiposity increased with MetS (p < 0.001). EFT was the only ectopic fat marker associated with cardiac dysfunction (OR = 1.340 [1.088-1.651 95% C.I., p = 0.006); liver steatosis and EFT were associated with extra-cardiac plaques (OR = 2.529 [1.328-4.819] 95% C.I., p < 0.001 and OR = 1.195 [1.008-1.299] 95% C.I., p = 0.042; respectively). On top of cardiovascular risk factors, only EFT improved the discrimination of subjects with cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS: EFT is associated with left ventricular dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis. Our data suggest that EFT may represent an additional tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk. |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.10.013 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| I07 | 1936 | Arteriosclerosis | Build-up of fatty material and calcium deposition in the arterial wall resulting in partial or complete occlusion of the arterial lumen.https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&ns=ncit&code=C35768 | disease of anatomical entity/cardiovascular system disease/ vascular disease/ artery disease | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D248 | Obeticholic Acid | Chemical drug | DB05990 | NR1H4 activator; NR1H4 agonist; FXR agonist | Enhance lipid metabolism | Approval rejected | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |