Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A23598 |
| PMID: | 23643404 |
| Source: | Metabolism |
| Title: | Liver enzymes and vitamin D levels in metabolically healthy but obese individuals: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. |
| Abstract: | OBJECTIVE: Increased liver enzymes and decreased vitamin D levels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We examined liver enzymes and vitamin D levels in metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) individuals and compared the values with those of other body size phenotypes in the Korean population. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 16,190 people over the age of 18years were analyzed using data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a nationally representative survey. Body size phenotypes were classified into four groups by body mass index (BMI) and number of metabolic syndrome components. RESULTS: The prevalence of MHO was 14.9% in the entire population and 47.7% in the obese population. In a correlation analysis adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, AST and ALT levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors of the metabolic syndrome, whereas vitamin D level was negatively correlated with these variables. MHO individuals had significantly lower concentrations of AST and ALT compared to metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) subjects, although vitamin D levels were not significantly different. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that MHO individuals had lower risk of liver enzyme abnormality compared to MAO after adjusting for potential confounding factors. However, the risk of vitamin D deficiency was not significantly different among groups with different body size phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Although both liver enzymes and vitamin D levels are related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, only liver enzymes were independently associated with MHO phenotype. |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.04.002 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| Target ID | Target Name | GENE | Action | Class | UniProtKB ID | Entry Name |
|---|
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I02 | 5113 | Nutritional deficiency disease | A nutrition disease that is characterized by deficiency of a nutritional element, such as a vitamin, mineral, carbohydrate, protein, fat, or general energy content. https://medlineplus.gov/malnutrition.html | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/nutrition disease | Details |
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |
| I14 | 9970 | Obesity | An overnutrition that is characterized by excess body fat, traditionally defined as an elevated ratio of weight to height (specifically 30 kilograms per meter squared), has_material_basis_in a multifactorial etiology related to excess nutrition intake, decreased caloric utilization, and genetic susceptibility, and possibly medications and certain disorders of metabolism, endocrine function, and mental illness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity | disease of metabolism/acquired metabolic disease/ nutrition disease/overnutrition | Details |
| Drug ID | Drug Name | Type | DrugBank ID | Targets | Category | Latest Progress | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D387 | Vitamin D | Supplement | DB11094 | -- | Vitamin source drug | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D199 | L-alanine | Chemical drug | DB00160 | KYNU | -- | Failed in clinical trials | Details |
| D083 | CLA | Chemical drug | DB01211 | KCNH2; SLCO1B1; SLCO1B3 | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D182 | Insulin | Biological drug | DB00030 | INSR agonist; CPE modulator&product of | -- | Under clinical trials | Details |
| D316 | S-adenosyl-L-methionine | Chemical drug | DB00118 | GNMT cofactor | Antiviral | Under clinical trials | Details |