Research Article Details
| Article ID: | A46032 |
| PMID: | 21476910 |
| Source: | Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol |
| Title: | Relevance of TNF-α gene polymorphisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| Abstract: | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. Its etiology is multifactorial and genetic factors most likely play a role. Genome-wide association studies have identified the first candidate genes, including patatin-like phospholipase 3, a lipase that is involved in triglyceride metabolism. Several other genetic variants have been identified, although with less convincing evidence. These genetic variants encode for molecules regulating insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, inflammation or fibrogenesis. Whereas the biological functions of TNF-α have been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of insulin resistance, liver inflammation and lipid accumulation, further genetic studies are needed to clarify whether and which TNF-α genetic variants predispose to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the inflammatory component of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| DOI: | 10.1586/egh.11.17 |
| Strategy ID | Therapy Strategy | Synonyms | Therapy Targets | Therapy Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S01 | Improve insulin resistance | insulin sensitizer; insulin resistance; glucose tolerance | Biguanide: increases 5-AMP activated protein kinase signaling; SGLT-2 inhibitor; Thiazalidinedione: selective PPAR-γ agonists; GLP-1 agonist | Metformin; Empagliflozin; Canagliflozin; Rosiglitazone; Pioglitazone; Liraglutide | Details |
| S02 | Enhance lipid metabolism | triglyceride-lowering; lipid tolerance; lipid metabolism | 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor; Decreases intestinal cholesterol absorption; FXR agonist; ACC inhibitor; FAS inhibitor; DGAT2 inhibitor; SCD-1 inhibitor | Atorvastatin; Ezetimibe; Obeticholic Acid; GS-9674; GS-0976; TVB-2640; IONIS-DGAT2rx; Aramchol; | Details |
| S05 | Anti-inflammatory | inflammatory | Bile acid; TNF-a inhibitor; Dual PPAR-α and -δ agonists; Toll-Like Receptor; (TLR)-4 antagonist; Caspase inhibitor; ASK-1 inhibitor | Ursodeoxycholic Acid; Pentoxifylline; Elafibranor; JKB-121; Emricasan; Selonsertib; | Details |
| Diseases ID | DO ID | Disease Name | Definition | Class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I05 | 9352 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | A diabetes that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 | disease of metabolism/inherited metabolic disorder/ carbohydrate metabolic disorder/glucose metabolism disease/diabetes/ diabetes mellitus | Details |